THE GLOBAL INDEX #068
R&D spending2023
Research and development expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
Israel6.35 % of GDPTop 10
% of GDP · 2023Complete ranking
Download CSV ↓| Rank | Country / territory | Value (% of GDP) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Israel | 6.35 | 2023 |
| 02 |  Liechtenstein | 6.01 | 2023 |
| 03 |  South Korea | 4.94 | 2023 |
| 04 |  Sweden | 3.6 | 2023 |
| 05 |  United States | 3.45 | 2023 |
| 06 |  Japan | 3.44 | 2023 |
| 07 |  Belgium | 3.27 | 2023 |
| 08 |  Austria | 3.26 | 2023 |
| 09 |  Switzerland | 3.22 | 2023 |
| 10 |  Germany | 3.15 | 2023 |
| 11 |  Finland | 3.09 | 2023 |
| 12 |  Denmark | 3.05 | 2023 |
| 13 |  United Kingdom | 2.68 | 2023 |
| 14 |  Iceland | 2.64 | 2023 |
| 15 |  China | 2.58 | 2023 |
| 16 |  Netherlands | 2.27 | 2023 |
| 17 |  France | 2.18 | 2023 |
| 18 |  Slovenia | 2.13 | 2023 |
| 19 |  Norway | 1.85 | 2023 |
| 20 |  Estonia | 1.84 | 2023 |
| 21 |  Czechia | 1.83 | 2023 |
| 22 |  Canada | 1.81 | 2023 |
| 23 |  Portugal | 1.69 | 2023 |
| 24 |  Ireland | 1.59 | 2023 |
| 25 |  Poland | 1.56 | 2023 |
| 26 |  New Zealand | 1.55 | 2023 |
| 27 |  Greece | 1.49 | 2023 |
| 28 |  Spain | 1.49 | 2023 |
| 29 |  Türkiye | 1.42 | 2023 |
| 30 |  Croatia | 1.39 | 2023 |
| 31 |  Italy | 1.38 | 2023 |
| 32 |  Hungary | 1.38 | 2023 |
| 33 |  Brazil | 1.19 | 2023 |
| 34 |  Hong Kong SAR China | 1.11 | 2023 |
| 35 |  Luxembourg | 1.07 | 2023 |
| 36 |  Lithuania | 1.05 | 2023 |
| 37 |  Slovakia | 1.03 | 2023 |
| 38 |  Egypt | 1.03 | 2023 |
| 39 |  Thailand | 0.94 | 2023 |
| 40 |  Russia | 0.94 | 2023 |
| 41 |  Serbia | 0.88 | 2023 |
| 42 |  Latvia | 0.82 | 2023 |
| 43 |  Kenya | 0.8 | 2023 |
| 44 |  Bulgaria | 0.79 | 2023 |
| 45 |  Rwanda | 0.78 | 2023 |
| 46 |  Uruguay | 0.7 | 2023 |
| 47 |  Cyprus | 0.68 | 2023 |
| 48 |  Malta | 0.65 | 2023 |
| 49 |  Argentina | 0.6 | 2023 |
| 50 |  Belarus | 0.57 | 2023 |
| 51 |  Romania | 0.52 | 2023 |
| 52 |  Saudi Arabia | 0.49 | 2023 |
| 53 |  Uganda | 0.44 | 2023 |
| 54 |  Vietnam | 0.41 | 2023 |
| 55 |  Cuba | 0.39 | 2023 |
| 56 |  Algeria | 0.38 | 2023 |
| 57 |  Oman | 0.38 | 2023 |
| 58 |  North Macedonia | 0.37 | 2023 |
| 59 |  Costa Rica | 0.34 | 2023 |
| 60 |  Ukraine | 0.32 | 2023 |
| 61 |  Macao SAR China | 0.27 | 2023 |
| 62 |  Mexico | 0.27 | 2023 |
| 63 |  Georgia | 0.25 | 2023 |
| 64 |  Mauritius | 0.24 | 2023 |
| 65 |  Moldova | 0.22 | 2023 |
| 66 |  Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0.19 | 2023 |
| 67 |  Armenia | 0.18 | 2023 |
| 68 |  Azerbaijan | 0.18 | 2023 |
| 69 |  Peru | 0.18 | 2023 |
| 70 |  Pakistan | 0.16 | 2023 |
| 71 |  Panama | 0.16 | 2023 |
| 72 |  Mali | 0.15 | 2023 |
| 73 |  Kazakhstan | 0.14 | 2023 |
| 74 |  Paraguay | 0.14 | 2023 |
| 75 |  Uzbekistan | 0.11 | 2023 |
| 76 |  Bhutan | 0.11 | 2023 |
| 77 |  El Salvador | 0.1 | 2023 |
| 78 |  Burkina Faso | 0.1 | 2023 |
| 79 |  Kuwait | 0.1 | 2023 |
| 80 |  Lesotho | 0.09 | 2023 |
| 81 |  Turkmenistan | 0.09 | 2023 |
| 82 |  Kyrgyzstan | 0.05 | 2023 |
| 83 |  Myanmar (Burma) | 0.02 | 2023 |
| 84 |  Guatemala | 0.01 | 2023 |
No matching countries.
How this ranking works
For annual statistics, the default is the newest year covering at least 70% of the maximum available country coverage, and at least 20 economies where possible. A ranking uses one year or report edition; missing observations are not replaced with another year. Newer years with lower coverage can be selected.
Intentional homicide rates and peace scores rank from lowest to highest; other indicators rank from highest to lowest. Ranks use original values and competition ranking for ties, for example 1, 2, 2, 4. Filtering or changing display order does not recalculate global ranks. Higher values are not necessarily better.
Statistics reflect the public source snapshot, not live measurements. Some series are modeled estimates or multi-year averages. See original metadata.
No observation (133)
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Source & definition
- Indicator definition
- Research and development expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
- Unit
- % of GDP
- Source & definition
- World Bank ·
GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Original metadata
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
{
"id": "GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS",
"name": "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)",
"unit": "",
"source": {
"id": "2",
"value": "World Development Indicators"
},
"sourceNote": "Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.",
"sourceOrganization": "Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02",
"topics": [
{
"id": "14",
"value": "Science & Technology "
}
]
}