THE GLOBAL INDEX #069
Researchers in R&D2023
Full-time-equivalent researchers in R&D per million people.
Liechtenstein18,129.75 per million peopleTop 10
per million people · 2023Complete ranking
Download CSV ↓| Rank | Country / territory | Value (per million people) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Liechtenstein | 18,129.75 | 2023 |
| 02 |  South Korea | 9,471.83 | 2023 |
| 03 |  Sweden | 8,910.74 | 2023 |
| 04 |  Denmark | 8,837.52 | 2023 |
| 05 |  Finland | 8,314.9 | 2023 |
| 06 |  Norway | 7,450.59 | 2023 |
| 07 |  Austria | 6,633.65 | 2023 |
| 08 |  Netherlands | 6,563.34 | 2023 |
| 09 |  Switzerland | 6,107.96 | 2023 |
| 10 |  Belgium | 5,990.13 | 2023 |
| 11 |  Portugal | 5,983.27 | 2023 |
| 12 |  Iceland | 5,952.52 | 2023 |
| 13 |  Germany | 5,926.07 | 2023 |
| 14 |  Ireland | 5,752.8 | 2023 |
| 15 |  Slovenia | 5,616.35 | 2023 |
| 16 |  Japan | 5,608.63 | 2023 |
| 17 |  New Zealand | 5,435.46 | 2023 |
| 18 |  France | 5,368.64 | 2023 |
| 19 |  Luxembourg | 5,359.07 | 2023 |
| 20 |  Greece | 5,283.37 | 2023 |
| 21 |  Hong Kong SAR China | 5,273.74 | 2023 |
| 22 |  Estonia | 4,800.44 | 2023 |
| 23 |  Hungary | 4,567.08 | 2023 |
| 24 |  Czechia | 4,504.58 | 2023 |
| 25 |  Macao SAR China | 3,826.97 | 2023 |
| 26 |  Lithuania | 3,703.86 | 2023 |
| 27 |  Poland | 3,675.06 | 2023 |
| 28 |  Spain | 3,653.8 | 2023 |
| 29 |  Slovakia | 3,506.62 | 2023 |
| 30 |  Italy | 2,855.13 | 2023 |
| 31 |  Russia | 2,652.99 | 2023 |
| 32 |  Türkiye | 2,644.66 | 2023 |
| 33 |  Serbia | 2,515.31 | 2023 |
| 34 |  Croatia | 2,440.28 | 2023 |
| 35 |  Bulgaria | 2,400.57 | 2023 |
| 36 |  Malta | 2,354.97 | 2023 |
| 37 |  Latvia | 2,190.87 | 2023 |
| 38 |  China | 2,107.27 | 2023 |
| 39 |  Cuba | 1,968.34 | 2023 |
| 40 |  Algeria | 1,782.46 | 2023 |
| 41 |  Georgia | 1,768.16 | 2023 |
| 42 |  Cyprus | 1,686.47 | 2023 |
| 43 |  Azerbaijan | 1,663.34 | 2023 |
| 44 |  Thailand | 1,591.97 | 2023 |
| 45 |  Belarus | 1,504.35 | 2023 |
| 46 |  Argentina | 1,312.75 | 2023 |
| 47 |  Saudi Arabia | 1,120.63 | 2023 |
| 48 |  Romania | 1,082.11 | 2023 |
| 49 |  Armenia | 1,039.85 | 2023 |
| 50 |  North Macedonia | 922.47 | 2023 |
| 51 |  Uruguay | 902.42 | 2023 |
| 52 |  Mauritius | 852.68 | 2023 |
| 53 |  Egypt | 845.32 | 2023 |
| 54 |  Vietnam | 836.11 | 2023 |
| 55 |  Moldova | 717.42 | 2023 |
| 56 |  Kazakhstan | 693.06 | 2023 |
| 57 |  Bosnia & Herzegovina | 669.77 | 2023 |
| 58 |  Oman | 655.15 | 2023 |
| 59 |  Uzbekistan | 542.07 | 2023 |
| 60 |  Costa Rica | 507.76 | 2023 |
| 61 |  Pakistan | 473.72 | 2023 |
| 62 |  Mexico | 419.44 | 2023 |
| 63 |  Panama | 253.27 | 2023 |
| 64 |  Bhutan | 237.24 | 2023 |
| 65 |  Kenya | 200.85 | 2023 |
| 66 |  Venezuela | 179.96 | 2023 |
| 67 |  Kuwait | 159.39 | 2023 |
| 68 |  Paraguay | 138.79 | 2023 |
| 69 |  Rwanda | 133.12 | 2023 |
| 70 |  Uganda | 81.31 | 2023 |
| 71 |  El Salvador | 55.47 | 2023 |
| 72 |  Togo | 41.39 | 2023 |
| 73 |  Lesotho | 32.24 | 2023 |
| 74 |  Myanmar (Burma) | 28.01 | 2023 |
| 75 |  Mali | 26.04 | 2023 |
| 76 |  Guatemala | 1.45 | 2023 |
No matching countries.
How this ranking works
For annual statistics, the default is the newest year covering at least 70% of the maximum available country coverage, and at least 20 economies where possible. A ranking uses one year or report edition; missing observations are not replaced with another year. Newer years with lower coverage can be selected.
Intentional homicide rates and peace scores rank from lowest to highest; other indicators rank from highest to lowest. Ranks use original values and competition ranking for ties, for example 1, 2, 2, 4. Filtering or changing display order does not recalculate global ranks. Higher values are not necessarily better.
Statistics reflect the public source snapshot, not live measurements. Some series are modeled estimates or multi-year averages. See original metadata.
No observation (141)
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Source & definition
- Indicator definition
- Full-time-equivalent researchers in R&D per million people.
- Unit
- per million people
- Source & definition
- World Bank ·
SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6
Original metadata
The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
{
"id": "SP.POP.SCIE.RD.P6",
"name": "Researchers in R&D (per million people)",
"unit": "",
"source": {
"id": "2",
"value": "World Development Indicators"
},
"sourceNote": "The number of researchers engaged in Research &Development (R&D), expressed as per million. Researchers are professionals who conduct research and improve or develop concepts, theories, models techniques instrumentation, software of operational methods. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.",
"sourceOrganization": "Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02",
"topics": [
{
"id": "14",
"value": "Science & Technology "
}
]
}