World rankings / DATA EXPLORER

THE GLOBAL INDEX #050

Central government debt2023

Central government debt as a percentage of GDP. This scope differs from general government debt and coverage is incomplete.

World Bank
Comparable ranking year2023Latest published year: 2024
Economies with data40 / 217No observation: 177
First-ranked country or territorySingapore173.62 % of GDP

Top 10

% of GDP · 2023
01Singapore
173.62
04Spain
107.39
05El Salvador
103.07
06San Marino
99.87
07Jordan
93.62
08Brazil
83.03
09Hungary
82.37
10Iceland
80.09

Complete ranking

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Central government debt · 2023 · % of GDP
RankCountry / territoryValue (% of GDP)Year
01Singapore173.622023
02United Kingdom136.142023
03United States114.732023
04Spain107.392023
05El Salvador103.072023
06San Marino99.872023
07Jordan93.622023
08Brazil83.032023
09Hungary82.372023
10Iceland80.092023
11South Africa79.412023
12Bahamas73.732023
13Mozambique72.642023
14Colombia71.212023
15Vanuatu67.932023
16Malaysia64.282023
17Burkina Faso61.952023
18Malawi61.812023
19Uruguay61.412023
20Thailand60.992023
21Canada60.462023
22Uganda53.152023
23Albania53.032023
24Papua New Guinea52.382023
25Cambodia50.342023
26New Zealand49.882023
27South Korea48.552023
28Armenia48.062023
29Mexico45.152023
30Georgia43.412023
31Andorra42.562023
32Kyrgyzstan40.542023
33Bosnia & Herzegovina40.312023
34Moldova34.262023
35Türkiye33.252023
36Solomon Islands22.372023
37Kazakhstan20.892023
38Botswana19.752023
39Switzerland19.152023
40Russia18.732023

How this ranking works

For annual statistics, the default is the newest year covering at least 70% of the maximum available country coverage, and at least 20 economies where possible. A ranking uses one year or report edition; missing observations are not replaced with another year. Newer years with lower coverage can be selected.

Intentional homicide rates and peace scores rank from lowest to highest; other indicators rank from highest to lowest. Ranks use original values and competition ranking for ties, for example 1, 2, 2, 4. Filtering or changing display order does not recalculate global ranks. Higher values are not necessarily better.

Statistics reflect the public source snapshot, not live measurements. Some series are modeled estimates or multi-year averages. See original metadata.

No observation (177)

Afghanistan · Algeria · American Samoa · Angola · Antigua & Barbuda · Argentina · Aruba · Australia · Austria · Azerbaijan · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belarus · Belgium · Belize · Benin · Bermuda · Bhutan · Bolivia · British Virgin Islands · Brunei · Bulgaria · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Cayman Islands · Central African Republic · Chad · Channel Islands · Chile · China · Comoros · Congo - Brazzaville · Congo - Kinshasa · Costa Rica · Croatia · Cuba · Curaçao · Cyprus · Czechia · Côte d’Ivoire · Denmark · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Estonia · Eswatini · Ethiopia · Faroe Islands · Fiji · Finland · France · French Polynesia · Gabon · Gambia · Germany · Ghana · Gibraltar · Greece · Greenland · Grenada · Guam · Guatemala · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti · Honduras · Hong Kong SAR China · India · Indonesia · Iran · Iraq · Ireland · Isle of Man · Israel · Italy · Jamaica · Japan · Kenya · Kiribati · Kosovo · Kuwait · Laos · Latvia · Lebanon · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macao SAR China · Madagascar · Maldives · Mali · Malta · Marshall Islands · Mauritania · Mauritius · Micronesia · Monaco · Mongolia · Montenegro · Morocco · Myanmar (Burma) · Namibia · Nauru · Nepal · Netherlands · New Caledonia · Nicaragua · Niger · Nigeria · North Korea · North Macedonia · Northern Mariana Islands · Norway · Oman · Pakistan · Palau · Palestinian Territories · Panama · Paraguay · Peru · Philippines · Poland · Portugal · Puerto Rico · Qatar · Romania · Rwanda · Samoa · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Serbia · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Sint Maarten · Slovakia · Slovenia · Somalia · South Sudan · Sri Lanka · St. Kitts & Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Martin · St. Vincent & Grenadines · Sudan · Suriname · Sweden · Syria · São Tomé & Príncipe · Tajikistan · Tanzania · Timor-Leste · Togo · Tonga · Trinidad & Tobago · Tunisia · Turkmenistan · Turks & Caicos Islands · Tuvalu · U.S. Virgin Islands · Ukraine · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Venezuela · Vietnam · Yemen · Zambia · Zimbabwe

Source & definition

Indicator definition
Central government debt as a percentage of GDP. This scope differs from general government debt and coverage is incomplete.
Unit
% of GDP
Source & definition
World Bank · GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS
Open original source ↗
Original metadata
Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. Central government is the part of general government that includes all administrative departments of the national executive, legislative, and judicial functions, other central agencies and those non-market producers controlled by the central government, whose competence extends normally over the whole economic territory. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.

{
  "id": "GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS",
  "name": "Central government debt, total (% of GDP)",
  "unit": "",
  "source": {
    "id": "2",
    "value": "World Development Indicators"
  },
  "sourceNote": "Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. Central government is the part of general government that includes all administrative departments of the national executive, legislative, and judicial functions, other central agencies and those non-market producers controlled by the central government, whose competence extends normally over the whole economic territory. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which is the total income earned through the production of goods and services in an economic territory during an accounting period.",
  "sourceOrganization": "Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, International Monetary Fund (IMF)",
  "topics": [
    {
      "id": "3",
      "value": "Economy & Growth"
    },
    {
      "id": "13",
      "value": "Public Sector "
    }
  ]
}