THE GLOBAL INDEX #068
R&D spending2019
Research and development expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
Liechtenstein5.87 % of GDPTop 10
% of GDP · 2019Complete ranking
Download CSV ↓| Rank | Country / territory | Value (% of GDP) | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Liechtenstein | 5.87 | 2019 |
| 02 |  Israel | 5.36 | 2019 |
| 03 |  South Korea | 4.36 | 2019 |
| 04 |  Sweden | 3.4 | 2019 |
| 05 |  Japan | 3.22 | 2019 |
| 06 |  Belgium | 3.15 | 2019 |
| 07 |  Switzerland | 3.15 | 2019 |
| 08 |  Austria | 3.14 | 2019 |
| 09 |  United States | 3.14 | 2019 |
| 10 |  Germany | 3.11 | 2019 |
| 11 |  Denmark | 2.91 | 2019 |
| 12 |  Finland | 2.82 | 2019 |
| 13 |  United Kingdom | 2.67 | 2019 |
| 14 |  Iceland | 2.34 | 2019 |
| 15 |  China | 2.2 | 2019 |
| 16 |  France | 2.2 | 2019 |
| 17 |  Netherlands | 2.14 | 2019 |
| 18 |  Norway | 2.14 | 2019 |
| 19 |  Slovenia | 2.06 | 2019 |
| 20 |  Czechia | 1.9 | 2019 |
| 21 |  Singapore | 1.89 | 2019 |
| 22 |  Australia | 1.83 | 2019 |
| 23 |  Canada | 1.76 | 2019 |
| 24 |  Estonia | 1.59 | 2019 |
| 25 |  Hungary | 1.46 | 2019 |
| 26 |  New Zealand | 1.46 | 2019 |
| 27 |  Italy | 1.46 | 2019 |
| 28 |  Portugal | 1.39 | 2019 |
| 29 |  Türkiye | 1.32 | 2019 |
| 30 |  United Arab Emirates | 1.31 | 2019 |
| 31 |  Poland | 1.31 | 2019 |
| 32 |  Greece | 1.26 | 2019 |
| 33 |  Spain | 1.24 | 2019 |
| 34 |  Luxembourg | 1.18 | 2019 |
| 35 |  Brazil | 1.15 | 2019 |
| 36 |  Thailand | 1.14 | 2019 |
| 37 |  Ireland | 1.14 | 2019 |
| 38 |  Croatia | 1.08 | 2019 |
| 39 |  Russia | 1.04 | 2019 |
| 40 |  Lithuania | 0.99 | 2019 |
| 41 |  Hong Kong SAR China | 0.93 | 2019 |
| 42 |  Serbia | 0.85 | 2019 |
| 43 |  Bulgaria | 0.84 | 2019 |
| 44 |  Slovakia | 0.82 | 2019 |
| 45 |  Egypt | 0.8 | 2019 |
| 46 |  Iran | 0.79 | 2019 |
| 47 |  Rwanda | 0.76 | 2019 |
| 48 |  Tunisia | 0.75 | 2019 |
| 49 |  Cyprus | 0.7 | 2019 |
| 50 |  Latvia | 0.66 | 2019 |
| 51 |  India | 0.66 | 2019 |
| 52 |  South Africa | 0.61 | 2019 |
| 53 |  Belarus | 0.58 | 2019 |
| 54 |  Uruguay | 0.57 | 2019 |
| 55 |  Cuba | 0.55 | 2019 |
| 56 |  Malta | 0.55 | 2019 |
| 57 |  Argentina | 0.48 | 2019 |
| 58 |  Romania | 0.47 | 2019 |
| 59 |  Ukraine | 0.43 | 2019 |
| 60 |  Vietnam | 0.42 | 2019 |
| 61 |  North Macedonia | 0.37 | 2019 |
| 62 |  Montenegro | 0.36 | 2019 |
| 63 |  Mauritius | 0.36 | 2019 |
| 64 |  Chile | 0.34 | 2019 |
| 65 |  Colombia | 0.32 | 2019 |
| 66 |  Nigeria | 0.28 | 2019 |
| 67 |  Georgia | 0.28 | 2019 |
| 68 |  Mexico | 0.28 | 2019 |
| 69 |  Oman | 0.27 | 2019 |
| 70 |  Indonesia | 0.27 | 2019 |
| 71 |  Bermuda | 0.26 | 2019 |
| 72 |  Philippines | 0.26 | 2019 |
| 73 |  Macao SAR China | 0.25 | 2019 |
| 74 |  Moldova | 0.24 | 2019 |
| 75 |  Azerbaijan | 0.2 | 2019 |
| 76 |  Bosnia & Herzegovina | 0.19 | 2019 |
| 77 |  Kuwait | 0.19 | 2019 |
| 78 |  Armenia | 0.18 | 2019 |
| 79 |  Malawi | 0.18 | 2019 |
| 80 |  El Salvador | 0.17 | 2019 |
| 81 |  Pakistan | 0.17 | 2019 |
| 82 |  Burkina Faso | 0.17 | 2019 |
| 83 |  Peru | 0.16 | 2019 |
| 84 |  Paraguay | 0.14 | 2019 |
| 85 |  Panama | 0.14 | 2019 |
| 86 |  Mali | 0.13 | 2019 |
| 87 |  Kazakhstan | 0.12 | 2019 |
| 88 |  Turkmenistan | 0.11 | 2019 |
| 89 |  Uzbekistan | 0.1 | 2019 |
| 90 |  Tajikistan | 0.09 | 2019 |
| 91 |  Mongolia | 0.09 | 2019 |
| 92 |  Kyrgyzstan | 0.09 | 2019 |
| 93 |  Myanmar (Burma) | 0.08 | 2019 |
| 94 |  Bolivia | 0.07 | 2019 |
| 95 |  Trinidad & Tobago | 0.06 | 2019 |
| 96 |  Honduras | 0.06 | 2019 |
| 97 |  Iraq | 0.03 | 2019 |
| 98 |  Guatemala | 0.03 | 2019 |
No matching countries.
How this ranking works
For annual statistics, the default is the newest year covering at least 70% of the maximum available country coverage, and at least 20 economies where possible. A ranking uses one year or report edition; missing observations are not replaced with another year. Newer years with lower coverage can be selected.
Intentional homicide rates and peace scores rank from lowest to highest; other indicators rank from highest to lowest. Ranks use original values and competition ranking for ties, for example 1, 2, 2, 4. Filtering or changing display order does not recalculate global ranks. Higher values are not necessarily better.
Statistics reflect the public source snapshot, not live measurements. Some series are modeled estimates or multi-year averages. See original metadata.
No observation (119)
Afghanistan · Albania · Algeria · American Samoa · Andorra · Angola · Antigua & Barbuda · Aruba · Bahamas · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Barbados · Belize · Benin · Bhutan · Botswana · British Virgin Islands · Brunei · Burundi · Cambodia · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Cayman Islands · Central African Republic · Chad · Channel Islands · Comoros · Congo - Brazzaville · Congo - Kinshasa · Costa Rica · Curaçao · Côte d’Ivoire · Djibouti · Dominica · Dominican Republic · Ecuador · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Eswatini · Ethiopia · Faroe Islands · Fiji · French Polynesia · Gabon · Gambia · Ghana · Gibraltar · Greenland · Grenada · Guam · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Guyana · Haiti · Isle of Man · Jamaica · Jordan · Kenya · Kiribati · Kosovo · Laos · Lebanon · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malaysia · Maldives · Marshall Islands · Mauritania · Micronesia · Monaco · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Nauru · Nepal · New Caledonia · Nicaragua · Niger · North Korea · Northern Mariana Islands · Palau · Palestinian Territories · Papua New Guinea · Puerto Rico · Qatar · Samoa · San Marino · Saudi Arabia · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Sint Maarten · Solomon Islands · Somalia · South Sudan · Sri Lanka · St. Kitts & Nevis · St. Lucia · St. Martin · St. Vincent & Grenadines · Sudan · Suriname · Syria · São Tomé & Príncipe · Tanzania · Timor-Leste · Togo · Tonga · Turks & Caicos Islands · Tuvalu · U.S. Virgin Islands · Uganda · Vanuatu · Venezuela · Yemen · Zambia · Zimbabwe
Source & definition
- Indicator definition
- Research and development expenditure as a percentage of GDP.
- Unit
- % of GDP
- Source & definition
- World Bank ·
GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS
Original metadata
Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.
{
"id": "GB.XPD.RSDV.GD.ZS",
"name": "Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)",
"unit": "",
"source": {
"id": "2",
"value": "World Development Indicators"
},
"sourceNote": "Gross domestic expenditures on research and development (R&D), expressed as a percent of GDP. They include both capital and current expenditures in the four main sectors: Business enterprise, Government, Higher education and Private non-profit. R&D covers basic research, applied research, and experimental development.",
"sourceOrganization": "Stat Bulk Data Download Service, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), uri: https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/resources/bulk, publisher: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS), date accessed: 2025-03-26, date published: 2025-02",
"topics": [
{
"id": "14",
"value": "Science & Technology "
}
]
}